It is thought that these early humans lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Some of these finds have been linked with the Aterian and Mousterian tool cultures of the Middle Paleolithic period, which flourished in northern Africa circa 90,000 BC–20,000 BC. Humans have inhabited the territory of modern Niger for millennia stone tools, some dating as far back as 280,000 BC, have been found in Adrar Bous, Bilma and Djado in the northern Agadez Region.
The most common pronunciation is the French one of / n iː ˈ ʒ ɛər/, though in Anglophone media / ˈ n aɪ dʒ ər/ is also occasionally used.Īncient rock engraving showing herds of giraffe, ibex, and other animals in the southern Sahara near Tiguidit, Niger The country's name comes from the Niger River which flows through the west of the country the origin of the river's name is uncertain, though a popular theory is that it comes from the Tuareg n'eghirren, meaning 'flowing water'. 2.4.4 Second military regime and third military regime (1996–1999).2.4.3 National Conference and Third Republic (1991–1996).2.2.5 The Hausa states and other smaller kingdoms (1400s–1800s).2.2 Empires and kingdoms in pre-colonial Niger.A majority of the population lives in rural areas and has little access to advanced education. After the military coup in 2010, Niger became a democratic, multi-party state. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of several large states. Nigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its several ethnic groups and regions and their relatively short period living in a single state. Niger faces serious challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth control and resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and poverty of its people, lack of infrastructure, poor healthcare, and environmental degradation. The economy is concentrated around subsistence agriculture, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south, and export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Many of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. It consistently ranks near the bottom in the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI) it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015 and 189th out of 189 countries in the 20 reports. Niger is one of the least developed countries in the world. The capital and largest city is Niamey, located in Niger's southwest corner. The country's predominantly Muslim population of about 22 million live mostly in clusters in the far south and west of the country. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara Desert. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km 2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the second-largest landlocked country in West Africa, after Chad. Niger is a unitary state bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin and Burkina Faso to the southwest, Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger or the Niger ( / n iː ˈ ʒ ɛər/ or / ˈ n aɪ dʒ ər/ French: ), officially the Republic of the Niger ( French: République du Niger), is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River.
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